הצגת מקור

אינכם מורשים לערוך דף זה, מהסיבות הבאות:

• הפעולה שביקשתם לבצע מוגבלת למשתמשים בקבוצה משתמשים.
• עליכם לאמת את כתובת הדוא"ל שלכם לפני שתוכלו לערוך דפים. אנא הגדירו ואמתו את כתובת הדוא"ל שלכם באמצעות העדפות המשתמש שלכם.

באפשרותכם לצפות בטקסט המקור של הדף ולהעתיקו:

== Neuroscience perspective == The [[anterior cingulate cortex]] (ACC), [[orbitofrontal cortex]] (and the overlapping [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]]) are brain regions involved in decision making processes. A recent [[neuroimaging]] study<ref>[http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v7/n11/abs/nn1339.html Interactions between decision making and performance monitoring within prefrontal cortex]''</ref> found distinctive patterns of neural activation in these regions depending on whether decisions were made on the basis of personal [[volition (psychology)|volition]] or following directions from someone else. Patients with damage to the [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]] have difficulty making advantageous decisions.<ref>Damasio, AR (1994). Descarte's Error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. New York: Picador. ISBN 0333656563</ref> A recent study<ref>[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/324/5928/759 Roozbeh Kiani and Michael N. Shadlen, Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex]</ref> involving Rhesus monkeys found that neurons in the parietal cortex not only represent the formation of a decision but also signal the degree of certainty (or "confidence") associated with the decision. Another recent study<ref>[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v9/n7/abs/nn1724.html Kennerly, ''et al.'' (2006)]''</ref> found that lesions to the ACC in the [[macaque]] resulted in impaired decision making in the long run of reinforcement guided tasks suggesting that the ACC may be involved in evaluating past reinforcement information and guiding future action. [[Emotion]] appears to aid the decision making process: Decision making often occurs in the face of [[uncertainty]] about whether one's choices will lead to benefit or harm (see also [[Risk]]). The somatic-marker hypothesis is a neurobiological theory of how decisions are made in the face of uncertain outcome. This theory holds that such decisions are aided by emotions, in the form of bodily states, that are elicited during the deliberation of future consequences and that mark different options for behavior as being advantageous or disadvantageous. This process involves an interplay between neural systems that elicit emotional/bodily states and neural systems that map these emotional/bodily states.<ref>Nasir Naqvi, et al. "[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00448.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=cdir The Role of Emotion in Decision Making: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective]", ''[[Current Directions in Psychological Science]]'', {{DOI|10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00448.x}}</ref> Although it is unclear whether the studies generalize to all processing, there is evidence that volitional movements are initiated, not by the conscious decision making self, but by the subconscious. See the [[Neuroscience of free will]]. ==יחוסים== <references/> [[קטגוריה: קבלת החלטות]]

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