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Medical waste management is a branch of the Medical waste sterilization field which focuses on medical and clinical waste, waste generated in medical facilities like hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes. There are a number of issues unique to medical waste which must be addressed by the waste management agencies which handle it, and several governments have laws specifically pertaining to medical waste which are designed to ensure that it is properly regulated. These laws are designed to increase environmental and human safety while ensuring that waste can be disposed of affordably and in a timely fashion.

Responsible medical waste management includes the generation, handling, storage, removal, transport, and destruction or safe disposal of medical waste. Facilities which generate medical waste have protocols in place which dictate how it is handled, and they also maintain contracts with organizations which have been certified to handle such waste. As a general rule, anything potentially biohazardous or related to medical treatment is considered medical waste, from discarded surgical scalpels to carpeting removed from a home in which someone died.